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Code for Font:

Old HTML Method:

New CSS Method:

Add a FONT-FAMILY declaration to the inline, internal, or external style:

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Which font to choose?

Screen fonts: Will your HTML page normally be read on screen? You should use a font that is designed to be easy to read on screen. Most fonts are designed to print well, which means they are not particularly good on the screen.

Microsoft created several fonts (no longer available for separate download) that are tuned for screens but which print pretty well, too: Andale Mono, Arial, Arial Black, Comic Sans, Courier New, Georgia, Impact, Times New Roman, Trebuchet, Verdana, Webdings.

Many fonts come in both Windows and Mac versions. Microsoft has a page where you can look up which fonts come with which programs and which version of Windows.

Text graphics: If you want to use a super cool font for titles and headings, use a graphics program to create text graphics, like the image of the examples above. Otherwise, keep in mind that the font you like the most may not actually be there for the viewer.

Installed Fonts: The viewer's browser will look through the fonts installed on that computer to use it on your page. If the font is not installed, the browser will use one of the default fonts instead. Times New Roman and Arial are usually the default serif and non-serif fonts.

Downloadable Fonts: There are some ways to download a font with your page. However, some methods only work for certain browsers. It takes extra time for a browser to download a font. Choose wisely!

• CSS3 handles downloading fonts easily but old browsers won't understand CSS3. Chrome and Firefox can use any TTF (True Type) font. IE9 has partial support for TTF fonts, but only if the font author set the font as 'installable'. IE 9 does understand EOT format.

  Copyright Issue: You must have the permission from the font's creator to allow downloading. Some fonts are free for this sort of distribution and others are not

  Space issue: With CSS3 you must store the font on your own web space.

• Google Fonts are free to use by everyone. You can download Google fonts to use on your paper documents but you can also link to fonts to use on your web sites. The web site walks you through how to link to a specific font. (There are hundreds!) Then you just use CSS to apply the font. This method will automatically download the font type that the browser understands. There may be a noticeable delay before the first page that uses the downloaded font can actually use the font.

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Generic Fonts:

To cover all possible situations, you should include one of the 5 generic font names in your list of fonts to use. The browser will pick a font from the ones actually on the computer.

Generic font	Examples/Characteristics
serif	ex.  Cambria ,Times New Roman, Georgia Serif fonts have little extra marks at the ends of lines in the letters.
sans-serif	ex. Arial, Helvetica Sans-serif fonts do not have extensions at ends of lines.
monospace	ex. Courier New,  Consolas, Lucida Sans Typewriter In monospace fonts all letters use the same amount of space, like with a typewriter.
cursive	ex. Lucida Calligraphy, Lucida Handwriting, Brush Script MT Cursive fonts have curving or even connecting lines, like handwriting or brushstrokes.
fantasy	ex. Algerian, Curlz MT, Old English Text MT, Snap ITC Fantasy fonts have decorative letters that would not work well for text but are interesting for titles and headings.

All font names in the table above are formatted with that font. Which ones are installed on your computer?? My computer does not have Helvetica.

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Which font does the browser pick?

The screen shots below show an H2 element with only a generic font applied with an inline style. Can you tell what font each browser used? They did not turn out exactly the same!

Customized Browser: Most browsers now allow the user to change the default font for proportional and for monospaced text. So, you never know for sure what default fonts your viewers will see. Hopefully, they have chosen wisely for their own purposes.

Definitions:

Proportional font: The skinny letters like i and l do not take up as much width on the line as wide letters like w and m.

Monospaced font: Each letter is the same width, like on a typewriter.

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Font Size

Each font has its own natural height and white space surrounding it. In a word processor, you usually pick a point size for the text. There are 72 points in an inch. The usual size for paragraph text is 10 or 12 points . On a screen, we are not very interested in sizes in inches or points. There are several ways to handle the size of your text.

What are the sizes?

Browsers usually have a default font size of medium for normal text. Different fonts at medium size may be different heights on the page. For example, in the illustration, text in Arial is consistently taller than the same size text in Times New Roman.

Sizes available:

• xx-small
• x-small
• small
• medium
• large
• x-large
• xx-large
• smaller = one size smaller
• larger =  one size larger
• specific size in pixels, cm, etc
• % size

The  resulting physical size on the monitor will vary with:

• font
• operating system
• resolution

For example, on a Mac the physical sizes for these font sizes are noticeably smaller than on a Windows computer. Text in a font size of x-small or xx-small may not be readable on a Mac.

To complicate things even more, most browsers let the user change the default size to suit their own monitor and eyesight. 

Relative sizes:

You can use percentages to increase or decrease the text size compared to the default size.  For example, font-size: 150% means "One and a half times the default size."

Code for Font Size

Old HTML Method:

 Number sizes for the word sizes above. Medium was size 3. So for large text for a heading you could write:

New CSS Method:

Write a declaration in a style, either inline, internal, or external:

<h2 style="font-size:x-large;">My Job</h2> 

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Text Color

You can use the same type of code that you used for page color to set a color for the text

Old HTML Method:

 To set the color of text to blue:

   Results in:

New CSS Method:

To set the color of text, write a declaration in a style, either inline, internal, or external, using an HTML color #rrggbb or rgb(rrr,ggg,bbb) showing the amount of red, green, and blue in the color.  For the numerically challenged, some colors can be set with names for the colors.   Table of Named Colors  

HTML color number: 

<h2 style="color:#00ff66;">My Job</h2>

       Results in:

RGB color number:  

<h2 style="color:rgb(199, 55, 55);">My Job</h2>

     Results in:   

 Named color: 

     Results in: 

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Combining Attributes

When you want to set several characteristics for your text, you can combine them into one tag or style.

Old HTML Method:

New CSS Method:

Both of which display like this: My Job

Which font face did your browser use for the text above? At the right is an image of all three named fonts at work. 

By the way, Georgia is an example of a font that has been optimized for reading on screen. Do you agree that Georgia is easier to read?

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